The+Architects

= = =**__// William Butterfield //__**= William Butterfield was born in 1814 in London, England. His parents were strict non-conformists who ran a chemist's shop. He was one of nine children and was educated at a local school. At the age of 16, he was apprenticed to Thomas Arber, a builder in Pimlico, who later became bankrupt. He studied architecture under E. L. Blackburn. From 1838 to 1839, he was an assistant to Harvey Eginton, an architect in Worcester, where he became articled. He established his own architectural practice at Lincoln's Inn Fields in 1840.In 1842 William Butterfield got involved with the Cambridge Camden Society. He contributed designs to the Society’s journal, The Ecclesiologist. His involvement altered his architectural style. He was an architect who specialised in Gothic Revival because he reinterpreted the original Gothic style in Victorian times. Lots of his buildings were used for religious purposes, although he also designed for colleges and schools. = = William Butterfield’s church of the All Saints in Margret st, London was in view of the Henry-Russel Hitchcock building that initiated the High Victorian Gothic era of architecture. It was designed in 1850, the church was completed in 1853, and the church was consecrated in 1859. With a clergy house and a school, it was intended to serve as a model for a larger cathedral they were going to build. The church was red-brick, a material long out of use in London at that time, and patterned with bands of black brick with bands of stone on the spires. The interior was richly decorated with marble and tile.

In 1849, just before Butterfield designed the church, John Ruskin published his Seven Lamps of Architecture, a book in which he had encouraged the study of Italian Gothic architecture. Many High Victorians perceived All Saints' as Italian in character, though in fact it combines fourteenth century English details, with a German-style spire. In 1850 he also designed St Matthias in Stoke Newington, with a bold gable-roofed tower. At St Bartholomew's, in the same year, Butterfield used a large amount of work for the interior, and built striped piers, using two colours of marble.

At Oxford, Butterfield designed Keble College, in a modernized style of Gothic architecture with walls boldly striped with various colours of brick. Intended for religious students, it was largely built in 1868–70, with a larger chapel than other schools in 1873. William Butterfield died in London in 1900. He is buried in a simple Gothic tomb in Tottenham Cemetery, Haringey, North London. The grave can be easily seen from the public path through the cemetery, close to the gate from Tottenham Churchyard. There is a blue plaque on his house in Bedford Square, London.

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=**//__Joseph Reed__//**= Joseph Reed was probably the most influential architect the Victorian era in Melbourne, Australia. He established a shop/base, Reed and Barnes in Melbourne in 1862. The practice now known as Bates Smart is one of the oldest operating architectural practices in the world.

Joseph was born in 1823 in Cornwall, England. Joseph Read arrived in Melbourne in 1853. The next year he won a design competition for the State Library of Victoria, designed the Bank of New South Wales in Collins Street and the Geelong Town Hall. In 1862 he partnered with Frederick Barnes. After a visit to Europe in 1863 he was impressed by the brick architecture of Lombardy, an influence visible in the designs for the Independent Church on Collins Street, St Jude's in Carlton and the National school in Carlton. His architecture remained however eclectic, including Italianate, Classic, Gothic and Scottish baronial. In 1883 Barnes retired from the partnership and Reed was joined by A. M. Henderson and F. J. Smart. In 1890 Henderson left when N. B. Taplin joined the firm. The office later became Bates, Peebles and Smart. In 1890 Reed came into financial difficulties, and died of exhaustion on April 29th.

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